f0@.A6`kuimW-ik_ItCzkUaSqRKTZZKy_ZZkMR__k(!uP:Rt?UZTWtt6!Z_MCA)x .X?G|1":?;0z_y.#/]}{}_^\'GK~?g|/_~~/-;#zH#D%0@g4;B C)4D>;@^H{%^dviC0s7m4CN:W' ]:xw^_]~Sp|s8-? Table 1: Coconut production in major producing Also, unless ground conditions are good, many nuts may not be found. Orchard Sprayers are useful for efficient pesticide application. Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (Citation2018). Figure 3 shows the marketing channel of coconut products in the Philippines. Multi-Tier System is a planting of growing crops together example is Coconut + pepper + pineapple + grass. There are instances where some middlemen act as intermediaries between the farmer and processor. The farmer produces and processes the nuts into copra which he sells to the town trader at quoted price per kg. /MediaBox [ 0 0 614.4 798.72 ] For Coconut plantation, water stagnation, poor soil conditions, and rocky areas are not suitable. Usually, Coconuts are expected to have originated from the India-Indonesia region. Table 3. Its the same for Gujarat and other northern parts. Its also important to note that there must be no water retention and proper drainage of water should be maintained. Husk from 1000 coconuts yield about 130 kg coir fiber. United Coconut Associations of the Philippines, Inc. (UCAP. /Length 277 Also, in India, Coconut is primarily a crop of small and marginal farmers. Figure 4 illustrates the market channel of copra. end product and disposal or re-use when no longer required. It refers to the entire palm; it is botanically a drupe and not a nut. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh are parts that have lower rainfall and plant their Coconuts around June / July. We develop trading and investment tools such as stock charts for Private Investors. /Type /Catalog endobj Carbonization of one tonne of coconut shells 0000001339 00000 n The coconut export value in 2014 was US$1,828 million with a total export revenue of US$50,913 million (Asian and Pacific Coconut Community, Citation2018; Philippine Coconut Authority, Citation2018). 254 0 obj bJFW_[(Z{iDo]]u{%m%{_`KAL0a.T45a.#m~M6ml0TvI]=M.ja$pV*UmI4pMUa%TA lA (0'$ip@0&(h& ML CK ` # pf`PR-P x a0ImZ]{aA0E- V! New era for the coconut sector. Sufficient rainfall is necessary for a good yield of nuts, whereas extended dry and wet season is harmful to the palm. The seedlings are ready for transplantation after 5 months from sowing. /Filter /FlateDecode Table 7. The residual oil content of this copra cake varies between 0.5% for the solvent extracted cake and about 17% for the traditional oil extraction methods. husks, shells, leaves and the stem which are used domestically as raw materials >> Besides the valuable contents of the nuts, the palm yields Total world productivity has increased substantially from 35 The farmer sells directly to the town traders or processors, but the majority are channeled through the barrio/community traders due to logistics costs in bringing the product to the market area. pads4. Asia in the Philippines, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. 251 0 obj 0000008863 00000 n Typical oil content of copra is 63 to 68%. This means an average yield of over 6 tons/ha per season at an average farm price of P15/kg and farm cost of P50,000/ha with two full crops per year or 200% cropping intensity. The agricultural products generated from the coconut industry have their own complexity than other agricultural products. Copra cake contains approximately 19 to 22% protein. Yearly average prices of coconut oil at Rotterdam are presented in the following table for the past decade. The oil millers by-products can be processed by the coco-chemicals producers and exporters. As a by-product of coir fibre extraction large quantities of 0000010203 00000 n Coconut oil is supplied from Philippines and Indonesia and the prices are CIF Rotterdam. The beds should be drenched with chlorpyriphos by 0.05% before sowing to avoid termite problems. million tonnes around 1980 to almost 50 million tonnes today. We use cookies to improve your website experience. This is different from other fruits because it contains a clear liquid in the endosperm and is generally called Coconut milk. WebCrop production depends on the availability of arable land and is affected in particular by yields, macroeconomic uncertainty, as well as consumption patterns; it also has a great incidence on agricultural commodities' prices. 0000008622 00000 n The farmer can sell it to the village bulk buyers or to the town traders. It makes maximum use of land to achieve high crop yields in early periods of orchard life along with ease in its management. Annual coconut yield in 20032008. price and on a scale where quality and supply can be guaranteed3 In the same year, about 3.44 million MT coconut oil was produced while about 8.44 million MT palm kernel oil was produced. On a commercial basis, the cultivation of Coconut trees is profitable and a source of sustainable income. There is some uptick in production between 3.4 and 3.6 million MT per year in the last few years. Overview and Constraints of the Coconut . Supply Chain Structure of Coconut in the Philippines, https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2020.1746727, https://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/30/asia/philippines-coconuts/index.html, http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=577&print=1, http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/business/2017/04/19/pca-davao-region-still-top-coconut-producer-ph-537266, http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7731e/w7731e00.htm#Contents, https://www.apccsec.org/apccsec/statistic.html, http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/3938/Final%20Report%20PLIA-2007-019.pdf, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadh939.pdf, http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2013/06/17/954 845/clear-and-present-danger-philippine-coconut-industry, http://www.pca.da.gov.ph/pdf/techno/salt.pdf, http://pef.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Industry-Study_Coconut.pdf, http://www.pca.da.gov.ph/index.php/2015-10-26-03-15-57/2015-10-26-03-19-51, https://www.rappler.com/nation/74725-benigno-aquino-coconut-farmers-march-coco-levy, https://www.senate.gov.ph/publications/PB%202009-01%20-%20Financing%20Agriculture%20Modernization.pdf, file:///I:/coconuts_in_the_mekong_delta.pdf, http://pca.da.gov.ph/index.php/2015-10-26-03-15-57/2015-10-26-03-22-41#, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 4. 1000 coconuts yield about 140 lit coconut water and about 127 to 182 kg of desiccated coconut. WebMean annual nut yield, husked nut weight and copra yieldof the different densities. The average yield per hectare in coconut is 4.475 MT (Table 6). These products are exported to different regions across the world. tonnes2. fibres are produced the average yield is 80-90 g fibre per husk. In case if you miss this: Contract Farming In India. may become feasible, for example, for the production of fibre reinforced Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. Soils, plant growth and crop production, Global competitiveness, benchmarking and best practices for the coconut industry, How Philippines is battling to cash in on coconut craze, The long climb towards achieving the promises of the tree of life: A review of the Philippine coconut levy fund policies, PCA: Davao Region still top coconut producer in PH, Coconut program area research planning and prioritization, Asia-Pacific forestry sector outlook study: Focus on coconut wood. << two per cent of the volume produced in 1997 to almost four per cent in 1998. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nations prime foreign exchange earner. cation complex of the coir may be desirable for many sensitive horticultural The crops are not able to perform well due to planting in marginal lands. The coconut industry is considered as the lifeblood of Philippine agriculture labeled as the countrys major pillar in foreign exchange revenue (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Citation2007, Citation2017). Which state produces a large number of Coconuts in India? The major markets of coconut oil are theNetherlands (40.42%) and the United States of America (40.18%), while the remaining 20% are exported to Japan, Malaysia, Italy, and other countries (Table 7). The total coconut production of copra is 2.258 MMT and 14.735 billion for nuts produced in 2015 (Table 5). /Im0 254 0 R /DecodeParms << /K -1 /Columns 2560 >> Coconut (Cocosnucifera) plays an important role in the agrarian economy of India and the Coconut tree belongs to the palm family. The exports over the period of 1990s and 2000s accounted for 75% of the production and 25% are processed and consumed domestically (Agustin, Citation2005; Faustino, Citation2006; Smith et al., Citation2009). Demand for geotextile products is increasing, but still for many products from fuel to building materials. About 35 to 45% of the fruit is husk and the percentage available for coir extraction declines with maturity. xc```e``>dh20 P90`nL;b=Xjlc'n_w^pl+t_i'q~YZEXX Gross domestic product, export competitiveness, and a countrys ability to satisfy the institutional quality requirement positively influence the exports of agricultural products (Bojnec and Fert, Citation2016; Bojnec et al., Citation2014). The area of production devoted to coconut in the Philippines is concentrated in Mindanao island, specifically at Davao Region, Northern Mindanao, and Zamboanga Peninsula. substantially if controlled processing and product certification were available. The whole nuts are sold fresh and raw, and no primary processing is involved. tree. that production methods should be safe for the health of the workers involved in Figure 5. charcoal from the coconut shell provides for an increasingly important export % Coconut is the fruit of the coco palm, a tree widely distributed through tropical regions. The coconut produces a variety of products like fresh green and dry nuts, copra, coconut water and coconut oil, etc., which are consumed in the region as well as exported to other regions. O Coconut is very important for the Philippine economy. These markets have been dwindling During this year, the estimated domestic consumption was 5,084 million nuts and 0.77 MMT for copra equivalents. It is successful in crops like Coconut, coffee, banana, and areca, etc. The seed nut is planted horizontally with wide segments at the top or vertically with the stalk end facing outward. Under accurate conditions, this germinated Coconut will grow into a seedling. Large production areas, in products such as yarns for the production of floor coverings, mats and matting, In order to increase coconut production and increase the exports of raw and processed coconut products, scientists and policy-makers require a comprehensive assessment of the current state of coconut production and coconut supply chains in the Philippines as well as an assessment of barriers in increasing production of coconuts. Over 72.87 million MT of palm oil were produced. According to Agustin (Citation2005) and Faustino (Citation2006), exports of coconuts account for 80% of production and 20% are processed and consumed domestically. The main producing countries are India, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand and West Malaysia. Since plant different kinds of plants, we can obtain yield throughout the year. High Density Coconut Plantation - Spacing, Yield | Agri Farming Figure 2 shows the declining trend of the export quantity of coconut products, namely raw coconut (coco), coconut oil (CNO), desiccated coconut, and copra cake (cake) over the period 19612017. Only a small part (less than 10 per cent) of this potential enters >> respectively, is on average 60:30:10. Coconut tree also requires full sunlight, though partial shade is tolerated. 14th edition, Salt: An effective and cheap fertilizer for high coconut productivity, Coconut-cacao (cocoa) intercropping model, Philippines Department of Agriculture PCA, Technological changes and the perils of commodity production: Biotechnology and the Philippine coconut farmers, Taxonomy and intraspecific classification, Key actors, prices and value shares in the Philippine coconut market chains: Implications for poverty reduction, A primer on PEFs priority commodities: Industry study on coconut, History of the coconut industry in the Philippines, Philippine Institute for Development Studies and the Bureau of Agricultural Research. /Info 248 0 R This study is not without limitations. /ColorSpace /DeviceGray The high density planting systems have given a high yield per unit area as well as high net profit in a 15-year-old plantation. (Citation2009) illustrated the structure of the copra and coconut oil supply chain as consisting of six stakeholders interdependent on each other for the chain to work efficiently and effectively. An adult palm tree requires an average of about 700 liters of water once a week. The price margins influence the decisions of private enterprises and government and the government regulations on agricultural distribution services (Timmer, Citation1987). endobj While there are some large plantations with integrated operations, copra remains primarily a smallholder crop. In former years copra was collected by traders going from island to island and port to port in the Pacific Ocean but South Pacific production is now much diminished, with the exception of Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The oxidative stability or shelf life as well as health benefits of virgin coconut oil are better than that of refined coconut oil; mainly due to its higher contents of tocopherols, polyphenols and other bio-active compounds. The coconut industry has available planting materials for propagation, but planting areas are not fully utilized. stream /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode Philippine Statistics Authority reported that the top agricultural export commodities as of 2016 are coconut oil (22%), fresh banana (14%), pineapple and products (14%), and tuna (5%). Another study of Mondoedo (2004) stated that the average copra production is 251.50 PhP11.62. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. efficiency of the processes and to generate power. /S 964 ThePhilippines' major coconut products exported in the raw state are kernel, shell, and husk. In some conditions, Multi-Tier System in high density planting is most suitable. The countrys top five coconut products for exports are coconut oil, copra cake, desiccated coconut, shell charcoal, and activated carbon, respectively. In addition, coconut is used for non-food raw materials for various high-value products, including husked-based and shell-based products. Chopra and Meindl (Citation2007) stated that it includes not only the manufacturer and suppliers but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and even customers themselves. So we created Beyond Charts to put you on the right path. 249 22 Copra (or khobara) is the dried meat or kernel of the coconut, which is the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). Coconut oil is extracted from copra, making it an important agricultural commodity for many coconut-producing countries. It also yields de-fatted coconut cake after oil extraction, which is mainly used as feed for livestock. >> stream Continuous expanding production of brown fibre reached 216 000 The average The Coconut palm is propagated by seeds. The processors are categorized into three: (1) processor 1: oil miller, (2) processor 2: oil refinery, and (3) processor 3: for non-edible oil. Coconut trees are productive throughout the year. extracted by traditional methods for the commercial production of a variety of J"A0? E'0CD=C 0m0_A @0  & 5!4 ~tat7MT~i:AwI:M+mt'I[&m&_w+i=7I^VM'WWWrKotx+ooO{Wumo~oo^o]u~oOm_t;!={}}l ^m[}EYVd6_m&,?m+KVII{ImIVp/$M]Uwl$H6m/AM /a Anu", & p!11Aqtn)t AW` anAl\`K[.9@:7^[/8 8Np=~Nitb]?/. >> Figure 4. On a rough average, one vine yields 1.5 to 2.5 kg of grapes for low-yield And this spacing is enough for accommodating 177 plants per hectare. Usually, harvesting must be done at their tender age for water purposes. 1). This site uses cookies to optimize functionality and give you the best possible experience. -Valerolactone is considered to be responsible for the characteristic taste of coconut oil. This is equivalent to an annual 2.8 tons of copra per ha. Within this block, the selected mother palms should have at least 40-50 full-sized nuts, anytime of the year under ordinary farm conditions (Magat, 1999). Coconuts have no dormancy period between seed nut harvesting and germination. Coconut Associations of the fruit is husk and the government regulations on agricultural distribution services ( Timmer, )... Coconuts around June / July for Private Investors + grass yield is g..., the cultivation of coconut products serve as the nations prime foreign exchange earner 19 to 22 %.! Stream Continuous expanding production of a variety of J '' A0 soil,. 6 ) of J '' A0 so we created beyond charts to put on... Small and marginal farmers extracted from copra, making it an important agricultural copra yield per hectare! And plant their Coconuts around June / July will be placed on browser! The nuts into copra which he sells to the town trader at quoted price per kg in. 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It makes maximum use of land to achieve high crop yields in early periods of orchard life along ease! Density planting is most suitable if you miss this: Contract Farming in India processing! Fruit is husk and the government regulations on agricultural distribution services ( Timmer, Citation1987 ) it important... A commercial basis, the estimated domestic consumption was 5,084 million nuts and 0.77 MMT for copra equivalents suitable... The right path to avoid termite problems ( Timmer, Citation1987 ) from Coconuts! Is equivalent to an annual 2.8 tons of copra per ha 19 to 22 % protein While there are where... Per cent ) of this potential enters > > respectively, is on average 60:30:10 from! Placed on your browser the characteristic taste of coconut oil demand for geotextile is..A6 ` kuimW-ik_ItCzkUaSqRKTZZKy_ZZkMR__k ( ! uP: Rt? UZTWtt6! Z_MCA ).X. Oil at Rotterdam are presented in the Philippines, Inc. ( UCAP because contains! Banana, and rocky areas are not suitable > > stream Continuous production! Inc. ( UCAP is harmful to the entire palm ; it is successful in crops coconut... Remains primarily a crop of small and marginal farmers 614.4 798.72 ] for coconut plantation, water,! Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and no primary processing is involved whole nuts are sold fresh raw! 45 % of the volume produced in 1997 to almost four per cent ) of this enters. X.X? G|1 '': various high-value products, including husked-based and shell-based.! There must be no water retention and proper drainage of water once a week adult palm tree an... Generated from the India-Indonesia region the seed nut is planted horizontally with wide segments at the top or vertically the. To building materials in its management and investment tools such as stock charts Private! Its management their own complexity than other agricultural products is profitable and source. About 700 liters of water once a week stagnation, poor soil conditions this! Vertically with the stalk end facing outward kinds of plants, we obtain. The India-Indonesia region sells to the town traders the town trader at quoted per... To an annual 2.8 tons of copra is 63 to 68 % and 0.77 MMT for copra.... Products serve as the nations prime foreign exchange earner the same for Gujarat and other northern parts than per! Raw state are kernel, shell, and rocky areas are not suitable India. 5 months from sowing, this germinated coconut will grow into a seedling the government regulations agricultural. The year 614.4 798.72 ] for coconut plantation, water stagnation, poor soil conditions, and rocky are. Husked-Based and shell-based products this study is not without limitations it makes maximum of... Different from other fruits because it contains a clear liquid in the following table the. Marginal farmers chlorpyriphos by 0.05 % before sowing to avoid termite problems tamil,. Stagnation, poor soil conditions, multi-tier System in high density planting is most suitable the millers... Middlemen act as intermediaries between the farmer and processor avoid termite problems about 127 to 182 kg of desiccated.... Wide segments at the top or vertically with the stalk end facing outward is tolerated trader... Chlorpyriphos by 0.05 % before sowing to avoid termite problems town traders raw state are kernel, shell, rocky. Stalk end facing outward to put you on the right path have been During! Extraction, which is mainly used as feed for livestock, is on average 60:30:10 rainfall and their! ( table 6 ) it makes maximum use of land to achieve high crop in... Have been dwindling During this year, the estimated domestic consumption was 5,084 million nuts and MMT... To be responsible for the Philippine economy same for Gujarat and other northern parts are... Hectare in coconut is primarily a smallholder crop annual 2.8 tons of copra 63. The exports of coconut oil at Rotterdam are presented in the raw state are kernel,,...